10 Tips to Improve Your Photo's Composition

Since I have not had a chance to get outside and do any photography this week I decided I would make a post about 10 specific things to improve your photographs composistion. So below I have listed ways to improve composistion in photographs to make them stand out to people viewing them.  I hope these tips help people with there photographs.

1) Look for new points of view

•  Eye-catching photographs are made when people see something that they don't see every day. 
•  Use wide angle lenses and telephoto lenses to alter perspctive and apparent points of view.
•  Lie on the ground, change height of the camera. 
•  Look at things in new ways, that you would not normally think about doing. 

2) Simplify

•  The most effective photographs only have a few elements.
•  Don't clutter the image because people won't even know what your subject is. 

3) Don't center your subject

•  The "Rule of Thirds"  important parts of a photograph should fall along imaginary lines tha divide the image into thirds both horizontally and vertically.
•  Horizons, natural lines, important points, and main subjects all will benifit from being put in the sections.
•  Crop photographs to encorerate rule of thirds and to draw out your main subject from the background.

4) Try to show depth

•  Photographs are 2-dimensional representations of 3-dimensional objects.
•  Selective Focus: out of focus forground or background items with your main subject sharp.  (wide aperture)
•  Converging lines:  try and show lines that converge and join in the distance.  (sunlight on water, tree trunks)
•  Boldly include foreground and distant objects. (small aperature)

5) Look for repeating patterns

•  Drawing attention to patters makes people see things they might not have noticed before .
•  Show a pattern and an interruption of it, then you can draw attention to the interruption in the pattern.

6) Try to include curves, diagonals, and triangles

•  These contrast against the overall shape of the photograph which is normally rectangular and level to the world.  This can get people to look twice at your photograph.

7) Show symmetry

•  Most people do not see nature as random, but letting them see that symmetry exists in nature can make your photograph more interesting. Good examples of symmetry can be seen in reflections and leaf patterns.

8) Frame your subject

•  Put your subject in its surroundings.
•  Choose other objects that lead the eye to the main subject.

9) Try to show motion

•  If you can show motion in a motionless form, then people are fasinated by it.
•  This is best shown by showing something the view knows is moving in sharp focus, with time seemingly suspended. 
•  Use motion blur either of the main subject or of the background.

10) Use contrast effectively

•  Show your light-toned subject on a dark background.
•  Show your dark subject on a light background.
•  Look at the well-lit and silhouetted sides of things, shadows and lighter spots are very important. 
•  Find contrast in color while keeping overall light/dark contrast low.
•  Show subject blending with their surrounding in terms of tone and use selective focus to make them stand out.

  

Uneventful Week

This week so far has been uneventful, and I am really disappointed.  I have not had any chances to get outdoors and away from my dorm room.  So yet again I can't photograph wildlife.  So I had been taking my new macro photography technique to good use, but I have not gotten any photographs worth showing.  I did try and photograph water droplets but as far as I can tell nothing was great.  Also I have been trying to get a good eye shot with the reverse lens technique but so far I can not master the depth of field problem.  Until next time.

Reverse Lens Technique

One of the best subjects to shoot is close up shots of tiny objects, which are less obvious to one’s eye.  With a little effort and practice, macro photography can yield very intriguing photographs.  Macro photography typically requires dedicated macro lenses, which more often than not are very expensive.  So what does a photographer do if they can’t afford a dedicated macro lens?  They use a technique known as the Reverse Lens Technique.

To understand how this works, one must understand how a lens works.  The elements of a lens are arranged to capture light from a wide angle of view.  The lens converges the incoming light and focuses it onto a much smaller plane.  Now think about what would happen if you flipped the lens.  Now the very small elements would diverge light coming in from a smaller source, which is exactly what we want when shooting tiny subjects.  

Once the lens is flipped the only way to attach it to the camera is with an adapter ring that mounts to the camera body and then screws into the filter ring on what would normally be considered the front of the lens.  In this case it is the back.  Make sure that you are very careful using this technique because areas are not protected as well as normal.  If you don’t have the adapter ring you can just hold the lens close to the camera but be very careful not to damage anything.  Also I would recommend using a UV filter to protect the lens from scratching.  This technique can yield very good results but it does take a lot of practice to learn how to focus properly.  

Also due to the very small depth of field you can use a technique called focus stacking.  You use a photo-editing program like Photoshop or Gimp and you take many pictures of the same subject but just focus on different sections so when you stack them together everything is in focus.  Using a tripod makes this process much easier, because the photo needs to be the same distance but just focusing on a different section.  I will try and talk more about focus stacking in a later post.  

Important Information:

1. It’s best to use a wide aperture lens.  The standard 50 mm lens is great.  You can also use a standard kit lens.  But the prime lenses work best.

2. The lenses’ aperture is no longer under the camera’s control.
   

3. Automatic controls like auto-focus and auto-metering won’t work. It's best to use manual focus.

4. Always protect your lens with a UV filter so you don’t scratch it. 

5. Use external lighting, flash can work but sometimes it leaves undesirable lighting.

6.  Depth of field is restricted so it is very hard to focus on the precise place you are trying to get in focus.
 

7.  To focus you must move the camera back and fourth instead of focusing the lens. 

Pros:

1.     Inexpensive

2.     Works well

3.     Most people already have a small lens that comes with the camera body.

Cons:

1.     Depth of field restricted.

2.     No auto focus

3.     No auto settings

4.     Aperture no longer controlled by camera (if lens has manual aperture you can use that)

5.     Harder to focus

6.     Need External Lighting

Special Thanks:

Thanks to my roommate George Meyer for allowing me to take photographs of his eye using the reverse lens technique.   

 

Please feel free to leave comments about any of the photographs I will try and respond as fast as I can.  I normally check comments daily.    

George Meyer's Eye with 55mm reversed lens

George Meyer's Eye 24mm reversed lens

This is a good example of the small depth of field.  You could improve this shot using the focus stacking technique.

Photograph of one dollar bill.  Another example of the small depth of field that could be improved using focus stacking.